ABSTRACT
Life course epidemiology should practically illustrate how risk exposures and their dynamic changes influence the occurrence, development and prognosis of chronic diseases from early life to the elderly. This paper develops the lifespan risk exposure measurement instrument (LREMI) in the framework of retrospective study to collect lifestyle, diet, physical activity information across subjects'life courses from 18-years-old to current age. Through a pilot study, the result of the test-retest analysis demonstrated the reliability of LREMI. In Shandong Multicenter Cohort, the LREMI showed its feasibility, for it could measure the exposure spectrum on both individuals and population with different life experiences. Moreover, it had good differentiation ability for identifying cases versus controls in population-based case-control study. However, further studies should be conducted in an already available prospective cohort to ascertain that our results could match prospective data.
Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Exposure , Epidemiologic Methods , Life Style , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) in monitoring renal hemodynamics in rabbits with acute hemorrhagic shock. Methods The experimental model of acute hemorrhagic shock was reproduced in 16 normal New Zealand white rabbits by controlled exsanguination which was divided into 4 different grades: normal (100% MAP), mild (70% MAP), moderate (50% MAP), and severe (40% MAP). The right kidney of the experimental animal was examined by gray-scale ultrasound (2DUS), CDFI and PWD. The structure of the right kidney was observed with 2DUS. CDFI was used to monitor the change in right renal hemodynamics along with the progression of shock. The hemodynamic parameters of main renal artery (MRA), segmental renal artery (SRA) and interlobar renal artery (IRA) were measured by PWD, including the peak systolic velocity (Vmax), minimum diastolic velocity (Vmin) and resistive index (RI). Results The animal model of hemorrhagic shock was successfully reproduced in 16 healthy New Zealand rabbits, of which 14 rabbits survived at the end of the experiment, and 2 died of severe shock. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) declined, while the respiratory rate and heart rate increased as the circulation changed from normal to severe shock (Pmax and Vmin declined gradually, while RI intensity increased as the hemorrhagic shock progressed from minor to severe. There was statistically significant difference in RI intensity between different grades of shock (P<005). Conclusion CDFI and PWD can quantitatively assess the renal hemodynamics during acute hemorrhagic shock, so it can be used as a noninvasive monitoring tool in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To construct a subtracted cDNA library of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) rabbit liver by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH).@*METHODS@#Twenty-four rabbits were divided into 4 groups: ordinary feeding group, full-fat food group, ordinary feeding in chronic intermittent hypoxia group, and full-fat food in chronic intermittent hypoxia group. The mRNAs were extracted from different rabbit livers and converted into double-strand cDNA. After digestion with restriction enzyme, the cDNA of hyperlipidemia-sensitive rabbit group was subdivided into 2 portions and each one was lighted with different adaptors. Two rounds of both hybridization and suppression PCR obtained the differentially expressed cDNA. The PCR products were inserted into T/A vector to set up the subtractive cDNA library. The clones were selected and amplified by PCR and identified.@*RESULTS@#Based on the pathology of the abdominal aorta and liver, and the amplified library contained 500 positive bacteria clones, including 462 clones, which had inserts from 250 to 700 bp by PCR analysis. A novel rabbit gene, Cthrc1, involved in CHI had been cloned. The GenBank Accession Number is XM_418373.@*CONCLUSION@#The molecular mechanism of CIH promoting atherogenesis formation is made clear.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Gene Library , Genetic Vectors , Hyperlipidemias , Hypoxia , Metabolism , Pathology , Liver , Metabolism , Pathology , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Methods , RNA, Messenger , GeneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the protective effect of amlodipine on the cytotoxicity induced by contrast media (meglumine diatrizoate) in human kidney cells (HKC).@*METHODS@#An HKC line was used. The experiment was divided into 4 groups: a model group (diatrizoate 111g/L), a prevention group (diatrizoate 111g/L+amlodipine 10(-5)mol/L), an amlodipine control group (amlodipine 10(-5)mol/L), and a culture medium control group (simple none blood serum DMEM-F12 medium). Cytotoxicity induced by meglumine diatrizoate was analysed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, Hochest33258 fluorescence stained cytospins, and flow cytometric DNA analysis. The protein expression of Bax was determined by Western blot, and caspase-3 activity was examined by fluorometric method.@*RESULTS@#In the prevention group, the cell viability increased significantly (P<0.05), LDH levels decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis was lower than that of the model group (P<0.05) .Bax protein expression and caspase 3 activity decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Amlodipine can inhibit the HKC apoptosis and protect the renal tubule cell from injury induced by meglumine diatrizoate.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amlodipine , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Cell Line , Contrast Media , Toxicity , Diatrizoate Meglumine , Toxicity , Epithelial Cells , Cell Biology , Kidney Tubules , Cell Biology , Protective Agents , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To improve the CR image quality and to promote the digital image standard constitution by analyzing the common problems and malpractiees in application of computed radiography. Methods Phenomenon and reasons of 107 CR junk-films from nine three-"A"-hospitals were analyzed, discussed,recorded,and statistised by 20 radiologists,radiographers and engineers.Results Among 107 junk fihns,there are 36 cases(33.64%)of incorrect operations,29 cases(27.10%)of artifacts in reading and transferring the data of IP,15 cases(14.02%)of artifacts in IP system,and 13 cases (12.15%)of selection of inappropriate radiographic parameters,and 9 eases(8.41%)of printer-failures, and 5 eases(4.67%)of inappropriate post-processing techniques.By analyzing the reasons of 107 junk films we found that 60.74% were due to less responsibilities and incorrect operations,and 35.51% were due to new problems in CR techniques,and other were due to inappropriate post-processing techniques. Conclusion Responsibilities,operation regulations,digital image quality standards,studying of new techniques and appropriate use of the post-processing techniques are the key points for improving the CR image quality and the diagnosis level.